Root causes, onset, recovery, response simulation, early warning prevention of global financial, energy, asset bubbles crisis, natural disasters

OSA Crisis management Decision Analysis Modeling:
develop, implement information knowledge base, which consist of all past history of the causes , response, consequences of crisis, and top down quantitative decision analysis models tracking and forecast all causes, impact events for early warning and prevention in fighting the unknown, uncertain future crisis .

This crisis , risks OSA Operations Management : To developed, implemented by top down and bottom up multidisplinary strategic decision OSA team ( top management, top government officials, CEO, VP ) top down and execution OSA team ( managerial level bottom up ) integrated into current core business units daily operations in develop, implement identification, tracking, recovery prevention of crisis, risks management decision models and implement, tracking crisis , risk management and business performance to achieve sustainable maximize risk adjust return and business continuation

Types of Crisis

Lerbinger categorized seven types of crises

A. The causes, onset, recovery, early warning, prevention of last 20 years global banking, credit, financial, energy crisis , recessions
B Other general crisis:

Natural disaster : earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes and hurricanes, floods, landslides, tidal waves, storms, and droughts that threaten life, property
Technological crises : Manufacturing plant explosions , accidents Chernobyl disaster, Exxon Valdez oil spill
Confrontation: Strike, boycott
Malevolence : criminal act, invasion
Crises of skewed management value crises of organizational misdeeds: crises of skewed management values, crises of deception, and crises of management misconduct.
Crises of deception Crises of deception occur when management conceals or misrepresents information about itself and its products in its dealing with consumers a
Crises of management misconduct : scandal, fraud

Models and theories associated with crisis management

Crisis Management Model

All the past and current models fail to fully understand and how to handle a crisis – before it occurs. Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt created a four-phase crisis management model process that includes: issues management, planning-prevention, the crisis, and post-crisis (Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt, 1995). The art is to define what the crisis specifically is or could be and what has caused it or could cause it.
Dr. Warren Huang, Pioneer of OSA, leader in Global Crisis Simulation, risk early warning , OSA teams prevention management provide the unique approach in develop precise decision analysis models out of extensive past history collection of crisis information knowledge base of the causes, onset, recovery of and consequences of past crisis events history

Management Crisis Planning
This causes responses information knowledge based strategic decision simulators have been able to predict month ahead of the causes and responses of last 20 years crisis, risks will providing the best response to future crisis

Contingency Planning

This OSA systems will be able to preparing contingency plans in advance, as part of a crisis management plan, to appropriately prepared for a crisis.
Crisis management OSA teams can simulate a crisis plan by developing a simulated quantitative models , predict the onset, breakout of crisis and its impact and fast resposne in recovery, prevention

Business Continuity Planning

This OSA decision systems response will provide business continuity plan can help minimize the disruption. and sustainable maximize risk adjusted return

Structural-Functional Systems Approach

These proactive structural causes and consequences information knowledge based crisis decision models providing crisis causes, impact information flow integrating into organizational networks

Public sector crisis management

Corporate America is not the only community that is vulnerable to the perils of a crisis. Whether a school shooting, a public health crisis or a terrorist attack that leaves the public seeking comfort in the calm, steady leadership of an elected official, no sector of society is immune to crisis. In response to that reality, crisis management policies, strategies and practices have been developed and adapted across multiple disciplines.

Schools and crisis management

In the wake of the Columbine High School Massacre, the September 11, 2001 attacks, and shootings on college campuses including the Virginia Tech massacre, educational institutions at all levels are now focused on crisis management.^[16]

A national study conducted by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI) has shown that many public school districts have important deficiencies in their emergency and disaster plans (The School Violence Resource Center, 2003). In response the Resource Center has organized a comprehensive set of resources to aid schools is the development of crisis management plans.^{[citation
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Crisis management plans cover a wide variety of incidents including bomb threats, child abuse, natural disasters, suicide, drug abuse and gang activities – just to list a few.^[17] In a similar fashion the plans aim to address all audiences in need of information including parents, the media and law enforcement officials.^[18]

Government and crisis management

Historically, government at all levels – local, state, and national – has played a large role in crisis management. Indeed, many political philosophers have considered this to be one of the primary roles of government. Emergency services, such as fire and police departments at the local level, and the United States National Guard at the federal level, often play integral roles in crisis situations.

To help coordinate communication during the response phase of a crisis, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) within the Department of Homeland Security administers the National Response Plan (NRP). This plan is intended to integrate public and private response by providing a common language and outlining a chain-of-command when multiple parties are mobilized. It is based on the premise that incidences should be handled at the lowest organizational level possible. The NRP recognizes the private sector as a key partner in domestic incident management, particularly in the area of critical infrastructure protection and restoration.^[19]

The NRP is a companion to the National Incidence Management System that acts as a more general template for incident management regardless of cause, size, or complexity.^[19]

FEMA offers free web-based training on the National Response Plan through the Emergency Management Institute.^[20]

Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) is a relatively recent mechanism that facilitates crisis communication across different mediums and systems. CAP helps create a consistent emergency alert format to reach geographically and linguistically diverse audiences through both audio and visual mediums.^{[citation
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[Elected officials and crisis management

Historically, politics and crisis go hand-in-hand. In describing crisis, President Abraham Lincoln said, “We live in the midst of alarms, anxiety beclouds the future; we expect some new disaster with each newspaper we read.”^]

Crisis management has become a defining feature of contemporary governance. In times of crisis, communities and members of organizations expect their public leaders to minimize the impact of the crisis at hand, while critics and bureaucratic competitors try to seize the moment to blame incumbent rulers and their policies. In this extreme environment, policy makers must somehow establish a sense of normality, and foster collective learning from the crisis experience.^[21]

In the face of crisis, leaders must deal with the strategic challenges they face, the political risks and opportunities they encounter, the errors they make, the pitfalls they need to avoid, and the paths away from crisis they may pursue. The necessity for management is even more significant with the advent of a 24-hour news cycle and an increasingly internet-saavy audience with ever-changing technology at its fingertips.^[21]

Public leaders have a special responsibility to help safeguard society from the adverse consequences of crisis. Experts in crisis management note that leaders who take this responsibility seriously would have to concern themselves with all crisis phases: the incubation stage, the onset, and the aftermath. Crisis leadership then involves five critical tasks: sense making, decision making, meaning making, terminating, and learning.^[21]

A brief description of the five facets of crisis leadership includes:^[22]

Sense making may be considered as the classical situation assessment step in decision making.
Decision making is both the act of coming to a decision as the implementation of that decision.
Meaning making refers to crisis management as political communication.
Terminating a crisis is only possible if the public leader correctly handles the accountability question.
Learning, refers to the actual learning from a crisis is limited. The authors note, a crisis often opens a window of opportunity for reform for better or for worse.